Thickened Tailings Deposition for Closure

The strategic implementation of a thickened tailings system for an existing conventional TSF can be beneficial in terms of significantly reducing the required post-operational earthworks and the time to achieve final closure.

One of the most challenging aspects of the successful closure of a TSF is the long-term water management of the tailings surface. A typical concave-shaped, conventional paddock TSF could be transitioned to have a convex, thickened tailings surface towards the end of operations through modifying the tailings disposal strategy to create a water-shedding final landform, limiting the amount of surface re-shaping and borrow material required. This would also maximise the tailings storage capacity while generating a facility profile that would be significantly more amenable to closure.

Challenges that would need to be explored and assessed before implementing such a strategy relate to the change from conventional to thickened tailings deposition and include characterising the slurry, adjusting the disposal methodology to include central discharge, assessing the impact of depositing thicker tailings over the existing beach, and modifying the supernatant water management plan.

This paper discusses the concept of ‘deposition for closure’ using thickened tailings that is currently relatively uncommon worldwide; however, is becoming increasingly attractive due to more stringent closure requirements and enhanced thickening technology. The implementation of this concept is currently in the early stages for a TSF at a gold mine in Ghana, with the knowledge gained from this project used as the basis for presenting the potential advantages of such a strategy, as well as the likely issues and challenges encountered.